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''Don Giovanni'' (K. 527; complete title: , literally ''The Rake Punished, or Don Giovanni'') is an opera in two acts with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Italian libretto by Lorenzo Da Ponte. It is based on the legends of Don Juan, a fictional libertine and seducer. It was premiered by the Prague Italian opera at the Teatro di Praga (now called the Estates Theatre) on October 29, 1787.〔The theatre is referred to as the Teatro di Praga in the libretto for the 1787 premiere (Deutsch 1965, 302–303); for the current name of the theatre see ("The Estates Theatre" ) at the Prague National Theatre website.〕 Da Ponte's libretto was billed, like many of its time, as ''dramma giocoso'', a term that denotes a mixing of serious and comic action. Mozart entered the work into his catalogue as an ''opera buffa''. Although sometimes classified as comic, it blends comedy, melodrama and supernatural elements. A staple of the standard operatic repertoire, ''Don Giovanni'' is currently tenth on the Operabase list of the most-performed operas worldwide.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://operabase.com/top.cgi?lang=en#opera )〕 It has also proved a fruitful subject for writers and philosophers. == Composition and premiere == The opera was commissioned as a result of the overwhelming success of Mozart's trip to Prague in January and February of 1787.〔The background of the production is summarized in Freeman (2013), 104–130.〕 The subject matter may have been chosen in consideration of the long history of Don Juan operas in Prague; the genre of eighteenth-century Don Juan opera originated in Prague.〔The first eighteenth-century Don Juan opera produced in Europe was ''La pravità castigata'' (Prague, 1730), and the second one was ''Il convitato di pietra'' (Prague, 1776).〕 ''Don Giovanni'' was originally to have been performed on 14 October 1787 for a visit to Prague of the Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, niece of the Emperor Joseph II, and her new husband, Prince Anthony of Saxony; however, the production could not be prepared in time and ''Le nozze di Figaro'' was substituted instead on the order of the emperor himself.〔Mozart's letter sent to Gottfried von Jacquin, dated on October 15th〕 The score was completed on 28 or 29 October 1787 after Da Ponte was recalled to Vienna to work on another opera. Reports about the last-minute completion of the overture conflict; some say it was completed the day before the premiere, some on the very day. More likely it was completed the day before, in light of the fact that Mozart recorded the completion of the opera on 28 October. The score calls for double woodwinds, two horns, two trumpets, three trombones (alto, tenor, bass), timpani, basso continuo for the recitatives, and the usual string section. The composer also specified occasional special musical effects. For the ballroom scene at the end of the first act, Mozart calls for two onstage ensembles to play separate dance music in synchronization with the pit orchestra, each of the three groups playing in its own meter (a 3/4 minuet, a 2/4 contradanse and a fast 3/8 peasant dance), accompanying the dancing of the principal characters. In act 2, Giovanni is seen to play the mandolin, accompanied by pizzicato strings. In the same act, two of the Commendatore's interventions ("" and "") are sustained by trombones and bassoons, albeit this moment occurs during a '. The opera was first performed on 29 October 1787 in Prague under its full title of '' (''The Rake punished, or Don Giovanni'', a dramma giocoso in two acts). The work was rapturously received, as was often true of Mozart's work in Prague, (See Mozart and Prague). The ''Prager Oberpostamtzeitung'' reported, "Connoisseurs and musicians say that Prague has never heard the like," and "the opera … is extremely difficult to perform."〔Deutsch 1965, 303〕 ''Provincialnachrichten'' of Vienna reported, "Herr Mozart conducted in person and was welcomed joyously and jubilantly by the numerous gathering."〔Deutsch 1965, 304〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Don Giovanni」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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